Clinical spectrum of sarcoidosis in patients at a tertiary care hospital, Pakistan: Ten-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the local patterns of manifestations, organ involvement other than lungs, diagnostic tools and treatment regimens related to patients of sarcoidosis. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted from November 1, 2019, to February 28, 2020, at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised data of sarcoidosis patients who needed hospitalisation between 2009 and 2019. The entire clinical spectrum was noted based on organ involvement. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. RESULTS: Of the 80 patients, 53(66.3%) were women. The overall mean age at diagnosis was 52.0±13.5 years. Pulmonary sarcoidosis was found in 60(75%) patients, while 13(16.3%) had extrapulmonary manifestations, and 6(8.8%) had both pulmonary and extrapulmonary involvement. None of the patients had hypercalcaemia, while antinuclear antibodies were positive in 2 (18.2%) patients. In terms of treatment, 75(93.8%) patients received corticosteroids. Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease was the most common reason of hospitalisation 16(20%). Mortality was the outcome in 11(14.7%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: Sarcoidosis was found to be more prevalent in women aged 50 years and above. A quarter of patients had extrapulmonary manifestation, while interstitial lung disease was the most common complication.

Acute Vitiligo Repigmentation in the Setting of Suspected Pulmonary Sarcoidosis.

Background: Sarcoidosis is a noncaseating granulomatous disease that predominately occurs in the lungs. Vitiligo is the most common depigmentation disorder worldwide. Both diseases are autoimmune-mediated, suggesting that one could have implications for the other. However, relatively few reports have been published about patients presenting with coinciding symptoms of the 2 diseases. We report the case of a patient who presented with focal repigmentation of vitiligo with suspected pulmonary sarcoidosis. Case Report: A 63-year-old female with a medical history of diffuse vitiligo reported to the emergency department with the chief complaint of right lower extremity weakness and numbness for 1 week. She reported that she had had a chronic productive cough for the prior 4 to 6 months and had unintentionally lost 50 to 60 pounds in the prior 3 months. At that time, she began to notice numerous hyperpigmented macules and patches on both forearms and her face. Chest x-ray and chest computed tomography demonstrated bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement with multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules. Cytology and flow cytometry were negative for evidence of B- or T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder with evidence of granulomatous inflammation. Conclusion: This clinical presentation suggests a potential interplay between 2 unique disease processes. While both vitiligo and sarcoidosis share common autoimmune etiologies, little data are available about management when they coincide. This case highlights a patient with 2 seemingly distinct clinical manifestations that could yield further clinical information in the management of both diseases separately and together.

Epidemiological characterization of patients with sarcoidosis in a high complexity hospital in southwestern Colombia

Introduction: Epidemiological studies on sarcoidosis in Colombia are scarce, and although recent reports from the north of the country have been published, clinical-epidemiological associations are not clear. Our aim was to characterize patients with sarcoidosis diagnosed at Fundación Valle del Lili in Cali, Colombia. Methods: A retrospective study of a series of sarcoidosis cases was conducted between 2011 and 2019. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, imaging, histopathological, and treatment variables were analyzed. Results: A total of 34 patients with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis were found. The majority were women (n = 25; 73%), and the mean age was 50 years. The main symptoms of onset were erythema nodosum (n = 11; 33%), arthritis (n = 10; 30%), and cough (n = 9; 27%). In 64% of the cases, there was pulmonary involvement, with pulmonary nodules, mediastinal adenopathy, and interstitial lung disease found in 54%, 50%, and 36% of cases, respectively. In 85% of cases, there were extrapulmonary manifestations, mainly cutaneous (50%). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was elevated in 62% of the cases in which it was measured (n = 16; 47%). During the diagnostic process, 23 biopsies were performed, of which 95% showed granulomas with noncaseating necrosis. Most of the patients (76%) were controlled with prednisolone, at an average dose of 20 mg (7.5-50 mg) per day. Conclusions: Sarcoidosis was more frequent in women and mestizos, and it presented earlier in men. Elevated ACE was not associated with extrapulmonary involvement. Calcium-phosphorus profile and antinuclear antibodies were not useful to establish the diagnosis.

Introducción: En Colombia son escasos los estudios epidemiológicos sobre la sarcoidosis; aunque recientemente se han publicado reportes del norte del país, son grupos muestrales pequeños, por lo que no quedan claras las asociaciones clínico-epidemiológicas. Nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar pacientes con sarcoidosis en la Fundación Valle del Lili, en Cali, Colombia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de una serie de casos de sarcoidosis entre el 2011 y el 2019. Se analizaron variables demográficas, clínicas, de laboratorio, imagenológicas, histopatológicas y de tratamiento. Resultados: Se encontraron 34 pacientes con diagnóstico de sarcoidosis, la mayoría fueron mujeres (n = 25; 73%), y la edad promedio fue 50 anos. Los principales síntomas de inicio fueron eritema nudoso (n = 11; 33%), artritis (n = 10; 30%) y tos (n = 9; 27%). En el 64% de los casos hubo compromiso pulmonar, y se encontraron nódulos pulmonares, adenopatías mediastinales y enfermedad pulmonar intersticial en un 54, 50 y 36% de los casos, respectivamente. En el 85% de los casos hubo manifestaciones extrapulmonares, principalmente cutáneas (50%). Los niveles de enzima conversora de angiotensina estuvieron elevados en el 62% de los casos en los que fue medida (n = 16; 47%). Durante el proceso diagnóstico se realizaron 23 biopsias, de las cuales el 95% evidenció granulomas con necrosis no caseificante. La mayoría de los pacientes (76%) fueron controlados con prednisolona, a una dosis promedio de 20 mg (7,5-50 mg) por día. Conclusiones: La sarcoidosis fue más frecuente en mujeres y mestizos. La presentación fue más temprana en hombres. La enzima conversora de angiotensina no se relacionó con compromiso extrapulmonar. Ni el perfil fósforo-calcio ni los anticuerpos antinucleares fueron útiles para establecer el diagnóstico.

Sarcoidosis: An experience from a tertiary care center in Karachi Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment of patients with sarcoidosis in tertiary care settings. METHODS: The descriptive retrospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised data from 2017 to 2019 of patients with established diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Data was collected on a predesigned proforma and it was analysed using SPSS 23. RESULTS: Of the 974 patients evaluated, sarcoidosis was established in 108(11.1%); 58(53.7%) of them being females. The overall mean age was 50.9±12.9 years. Hypertension 49(45.4%) and diabetes mellitus 37(34.3%) were the most frequent co-morbidities. Extra-pulmonary manifestations were found in 27(25%) patients; ophthalmic 9(33.3%), musculoskeletal 8(29.6%) and skin 7(25.9%). Prednisolone was the mainstay of treatment in 93(86.1%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Sarcoidosis was not found to be rare in Pakistan.

Interpretation of clinical diagnosis and treatment consensus of pulmonary sarcoidosis by British Thoracic Society (BTS) / 中国医师杂志

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that affects almost any organ. The clinical presentation, treatment responsiveness and outcome varies widely between patients. Patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis always need individualized treatment and should be monitored. In order to meet the above clinical needs, countries have successively formulated clinical diagnosis and treatment norms of sarcoidosis. This includes the clinical consensus on pulmonary sarcoidosis (BTS consensus) launched by the British Thoracic Society (BTS) in December 2020. This paper briefly describes the main parts of the BTS consensus to provide reference for the majority of clinical workers.

18F-FDG PET/CT in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis:Quantifying Inflammation by the TLG index.

Objectives: In sarcoidosis progressive pulmonary disease affects prognosis. Pulmonary disease activity estimated by classic means poorly predicts severity and progressiveness. 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-positron-emission-tomography computed-tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) estimates pulmonary activity by inflammatory-cells metabolism. We aimed to investigate pulmonary sarcoidosis by 18F-FDG-PET/CT and evaluate the role of total-lesion-glycolysis (TLG) value, as an index quantifying the whole burden of lung inflammation.Methods: This is a retrospective study of sequentially gathered data. From a Greek cohort of 195 sarcoidosis-patients, 87 were identified with lung increased 18F-FDG uptake and further studied.Results: Visualizing lung by 18F-FDG-PET/CT identified new imaging patterns and revealed activity in all Scadding stages. Ever-smokers presented significantly higher TLG and lower DLCO compared to never-smokers. However, TLG value did not correlate with functional indices and did not differ between symptomatic and non-symptomatic patients. Among treatment-naïve patients, TLG did not differ significantly in those requiring therapy compared to those remained off.Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET/CT improved imaging and detection of pulmonary involvement and through TLG value revealed the deleterious smoking effect. The fact that TLG neither detected patients with clinical symptoms and functional impairment nor identified those requiring treatment once again confirms that in pulmonary sarcoidosis the link between activity, severity and decision to treat still eludes us.

Biopsy of pulmonary nodules guided by different imaging techniques / 肿瘤研究与临床

Lung cancer is a highly malignant tumor with poor prognosis.For advanced lung cancer patients,a wide range of invasion,multiple distant metastases and the limited treatment options have led to extremely poor prognosis.Better treatment outcome with a high 5-year survival rate can be achieved by early detection and treatment of lung cancer.The early diagnosis is the key to the treatment of lung cancer,and the early diagnosis of lung cancer depends on the identification of benign and malignant of pulmonary nodules.With the increased safety and diagnostic accuracy of biopsy of pulmonary nodules guided by different imaging techniques,the advantage of biopsy of pulmonary nodules in diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions is prominent,which is worthy of clinical application.

Effects of detection algorithm based on deep learning for different size pulmonary nodule / 中国医学影像技术

Objective: To explore the diagnostic effects of detection algorithm based on deep learning (DL) on pulmonary nodules with different sizes. Methods: CT images of 344 patients with pulmonary nodules were retrospectively analyzed. The detection rates of the model based on DL for pulmonary nodules with different sizes (relative to the physician's diagnosis) were calculated and compared, and the false positive nodules detected by the model were analyzed. Results: On 344 CT images, physicians diagnosed 710 pulmonary nodules of 0-30 mm. A total of 2 495 candidate pulmonary nodules were detected by the model, among which 675 were true positive relative to the physician's diagnosis. The detection rate of nodules of the model was 95.07% (675/710), of 0-4 mm was 82.80% (77/93), of 0-5 mm was 90.15% (238/264), of 0-6 mm was 92.94% (395/425), of 5-10 mm was 97.94% (381/389), of 10-20 mm was 98.21% (55/56), and of 20-30 mm was 100% (1/1). There was no statistically significant difference of detection rate for pulmonary nodules with different sizes of the model(χ2=21.72, P>0.05). Among the false positive nodules detected by the model, 50.38% (917/1 820) were missed by physicians, and 32.53% (592/1 820) were vascular sections. Conclusion: The overall detection rate of pulmonary nodules of DL model is high (95.07%), which is not affected by the size of nodules.

Establishment of the Diagnostic Model in Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Appearing as Ground-glass Nodule / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To explore the independent predictors of malignant solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) manifesting as ground-glass nodule (GGN),and to establish a prediction model.Materials and Methods The clinical data and CT images of 362 patients (group A) with pathological-confirmed SPN appearing as GGN in Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University from January 2014 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The independent predictors of malignant SPN were identified,and the clinical prediction model was established.Another 119 SPN patients in Affiliated Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were selected as group B to verify the diagnostic efficiency of the prediction model.Results Using multivariate Logistic regression analysis,clear border (OR=6.274,P＜0.01),smooth edge (OR=0.391,P＜0.01),lobulation (OR=3.387,P＜0.01),pleural retraction sign (OR=2.430,P＜0.01),and vocule sign (OR=3.076,P＜0.01)were identified as independent predictors of malignant SPN.The area of the model under the ROC curve was 0.859 with 95％ CI (0.804-0.903).The diagnostic accuracy rate,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 85.92％,91.03％,81.97％,92.03％ and 73.53％,respectively.Conclusion In this study,the independent predictors of malignant SPN appearing as GGN were identified,and the prediction model was established.The model can accurately identify SPN and provide effective help for early diagnosis of SPN.

Texture Feature Analysis in Follow-up of Pulmonary Ground Glass Nodule / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose At present,morphological observation and CT value measurement were mainly used to evaluate ground-glass nodule (GGN),and there was no effective image feature-quantization evaluation method.Therefore,in this study,a follow-up quantization analysis was conducted on GGN within 2 years using texture feature analysis method to confirm reasonable GGN follow-up time.Materials and Methods Baseline and highresolution CT images of 100 GGN follow-up patients were retrospectively analyzed.They were assigned into three groups,3 months follow-up (group A),6 to 12 months follow-up (group B) and 2 years follow-up (group C).For each group,using firstly founded GGN image as baseline,GGN texture features (including energy,contrast,autocorrelation,inverse difference moment and entropy) were analyzed.Results There were 1 case of narrowed nodules in group A,1 case of increased nodules and 1 case of narrowed nodules in group B,and 4 cases of increased nodules in group C,2 of which showed density differences.There was no significant change in shape,density and size of the remaining nodules.There were no significant differences in texture features (energy,contrast,autocorrelation,deficit,entropy) among group A,group B and group C (P＞0.05).Conclusion Texture feature analysis can quantitatively evaluate the change of GGN attribute characteristics,and as a GGN follow-up quantitative tool,it can guide patients to choose reasonable follow-up mode.

The association between BNP, 6MWD test, DLCO% and pulmonary hypertension in sarcoidosis.

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a feared complication in patients with sarcoidosis.It is an important negative prognostic factor which is reflected as a priority given to these subjects for orthotopic lung transplantation. We evaluated the relationship between BNP, 6MWD test, DLCO% values and the severity of sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted between January 2010 and January 2015 on consecutive confirmed adult subjects diagnosed with sarcoidosis. Demographics, medical comorbidities, clinical features, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), 6MWD test, transthoracic echocardiography, laboratory investigations, radiographic findings, treatment and outcome data were collected from medical records. Subjects with suspicion for PH (i.e. those with PASP ≥ 25 mmHg) were included in the study. PH severity was classified using PASP into mild (PASP 25-49 mmHg), moderate (50-69 mmHg) and severe (≥70 mmHg). We evaluated the strength of correlation between BNP, 6MWD test, DLCO% and the severity of PH. The association between variables was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and results were considered statistically significant if P value was <0.05. RESULTS: Among the 108 cases diagnosed with sarcoidosis, we identified a total of 27 patients (25%) who had an elevated PASP suggestive of PH and met the study inclusion criteria. There was a significant correlation between BNP level (r=0.804, P=0.003), 6MWD test (r=-0.865, P=0.000), DLCO% (r=-0.513, P=0.015) and the PASP in sarcoidosis patients. CONCLUSION: Although these simple tests should not be used as screening tools for suspecting sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension, they may be of value in following its progression in subjects already diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension.

Annexin A11 is associated with pulmonary fibrosis in African American patients with sarcoidosis.

Not available.

Application of Rapid Medical Glue in Preoperative Localization of Pulmonary Ground-glass Nodules under CT Guidance / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To evaluate the application value of using a-cyanoacrylate rapid medical glue in preoperative localization of ground-glass nodules under CT guidance.Materials and Methods 48 cases were retrospectively analyzed,in which the pulmonary ground-glass nodules took preoperative localization under CT guidance.The rapid medical glue was injected in pulmonary ground-glass nodules,which was used for preoperative localization.Results After preoperative localization of rapid medical glue in 48 cases,pulmonary ground-glass nodules of all patients were resected successfully by video-assisted thoracoscope surgery (VATS).The complications of pneumothorax did not occur in all cases,with little pulmonary hemorrhagein in 10 cases.Conclusion When the fast medical glue has been used in the CT-guided preoperative localization of ground-glass nodules,there are advantages of high accuracy of localization and surgery.Moreover,this method is simple,safe and effective.

Sarcoidosis del adulto de inicio en la infancia: a proposito de un caso / Pediatric-onset adult type sarcoidosis: A case report

La sarcoidosis, un trastorno multiorgánico de etiología desconocida que afecta varios órganos, es poco frecuente en los niños. Se desconocen la incidencia y la prevalencia reales de la sarcoidosis infantil. Al igual que en los adultos, muchos niños con sarcoidosis tal vez no presentan síntomas y la enfermedad cursa sin diagnosticarse. Es fundamental realizar una evaluación completa y sistemática del paciente para establecer el diagnóstico de sarcoidosis en los niños. Se describe el caso de una nina de 12 años con uveítis y hepatoesplenomegalia de dos años de evolución. Mediante una tomografía computarizada del tórax, se hallaron nódulos pulmonares periféricos dispersos y linfadenopatía hiliar bilateral. La aspiración de médula ósea y la biopsia de hígado no fueron diagnósticas. La biopsia de pulmón mostró granulomas de células epitelioides no necrosantes. A la paciente se le diagnosticó sarcoidosis en virtud del hallazgo de inflamación granulomatosa y de la exclusión de entidades confusoras.

Sarcoidosis, a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology that involves multiple organs, is rare in children. The true incidence and prevalence of childhood sarcoidosis is unknown. As in adults, many children with sarcoidosis may be asymptomatic; the disease may remain undiagnosed. A complete and systematic evaluation of the patient is essential for the sarcoidosis diagnosis in children. Here, we describe a case of 12-year-old female who presented with 2 years history of uveitis and hepatosplenomegaly. A chest computerized tomography revealed scattered peripheral pulmonary nodules and bilateral hiliar lymphadenopathy. Bone marrow aspiration and liver biopsy were not diagnostic. A lung biopsy showed non-necrotizing epithelioid cell granulomas. She was diagnosed with sarcoidosis according to demonstration of granulomatous inflammation and the exclusion of confusable entities

Delayed diagnosis of sarcoidosis is common in Brazil / Diagnóstico tardio da sarcoidose é comum no Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of and the factors related to delayed diagnosis of sarcoidosis in Brazil. METHODS: We evaluated patients with a biopsy-proven diagnosis of sarcoidosis, using a questionnaire that addressed the following: time since symptom onset and since the first medical visit; and the number and specialty of the physicians visited. We divided the patients by the timeliness of the diagnosis-timely (< 6 months) and delayed (≥ 6 months)-comparing the two groups in terms of systemic and pulmonary symptoms; extrathoracic involvement; spirometric data; radiological staging; level of education; income; and tuberculosis (diagnosis and treatment). RESULTS: We evaluated 100 patients. The median number of physicians consulted was 3 (range, 1-14). In 11 cases, sarcoidosis was diagnosed at the first visit. In 54, the first physician seen was a general practitioner. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was timely in 41 patients and delayed in 59. The groups did not differ in terms of gender; race; type of health insurance; level of education; income; respiratory/systemic symptoms; extrathoracic involvement; and radiological staging. In the delayed diagnosis group, FVC was lower (80.3 ± 20.4% vs. 90.5 ± 17.1%; p = 0.010), as was FEV1 (77.3 ± 19.9% vs. 86.4 ± 19.5%; p = 0.024), misdiagnosis with and treatment for tuberculosis (≥ 3 months) also being more common (24% vs. 7%, p = 0.032, and 20% vs. 0%; p = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is often delayed, even when the imaging is suggestive of sarcoidosis. Delayed diagnosis is associated with impaired lung function at the time of diagnosis. Many sarcoidosis patients are misdiagnosed with and treated for tuberculosis. .

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência do diagnóstico tardio de sarcoidose no Brasil e os fatores relacionados a esse atraso. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos pacientes com diagnóstico de sarcoidose confirmado por biópsia utilizando um questionário que abordava o tempo entre o início dos sintomas e a data da primeira consulta médica; e o número e especialidades dos médicos consultados. Sintomas sistêmicos e pulmonares, envolvimento extratorácico, dados espirométricos, estadiamento radiológico, escolaridade, renda individual e diagnóstico/tratamento de tuberculose foram comparados entre os pacientes com diagnóstico precoce (< 6 meses até o diagnóstico) e tardio (≥ 6 meses). RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 100 pacientes. A mediana do número de médicos consultados foi 3 (variação: 1-14). O diagnóstico de sarcoidose foi feito na primeira consulta em 11 casos. Um clínico geral foi inicialmente consultado em 54 casos. O diagnóstico de sarcoidose foi precoce em 41 casos e tardio em 59. Não houve diferença entre os grupos no tocante ao gênero, raça, tipo de seguro saúde, escolaridade, renda, sintomas sistêmicos e respiratórios, envolvimento extratorácico e estadiamento radiológico. Os pacientes com diagnóstico tardio apresentavam menor CVF (80,3 ± 20,4% vs. 90,5 ± 17,1%; p = 0,010) e VEF1 (77,3 ± 19,9% vs. 86,4 ± 19,5%; p = 0,024), além de mais frequentemente receberem diagnóstico de tuberculose (24% vs. 7%; p = 0,032) e tratamento para tuberculose (≥ 3 meses; 20% vs. 0%; p = 0,002). CONCLUSÕES: O diagnóstico de sarcoidose é tardio em muitos casos, mesmo quando há achados de imagem sugestivos. O diagnóstico tardio está associado a menor função pulmonar na época do diagnóstico. Vários ...

Síndrome hemofagocítica devido a sarcoidose pulmonar / Hemophagocytic syndrome due to pulmonary sarcoidosis

Embora seja uma condição clínica rara, a síndrome hemofagocítica é associada com alta mortalidade e o número de casos descritos na literatura vem aumentando progressivamente. O diagnóstico de síndrome hemofagocítica depende da presença de hemofagocitose. A sarcoidose é uma doença de alta prevalência cujo curso e prognóstico podem correlacionar-se com a apresentação clínica inicial e a extensão da doença. Relatamos o caso de um paciente com sarcoidose de longa duração que apresentava febre intermitente e fadiga. O diagnóstico de síndrome hemofagocítica foi realizado por aspirado de medula óssea, e o tratamento específico foi ineficaz. Trata-se do terceiro caso de síndrome hemofagocítica relacionada a sarcoidose na literatura mundial e o primeiro na literatura latino-americana. Os três casos tiveram desfecho desfavorável.

Although hemophagocytic syndrome is a rare clinical condition, it is associated with high mortality and the number of cases described in the literature has progressively increased. The diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome is made on the basis of a finding of hemophagocytosis. Sarcoidosis is a highly prevalent disease whose course and prognosis might correlate with the initial clinical presentation and the extent of the disease. We report the case of a patient with long-standing sarcoidosis who presented with intermittent fever and fatigue. The diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome was made by bone marrow aspiration, and specific treatment was ineffective. This is the third case of sarcoidosis-related hemophagocytic syndrome reported in the literature and the first reported in Latin America. All three cases had unfavorable outcomes.

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis in an HIV-infected patient: an immunohistochemical study

Sarcoidosis has been rarely described in literature as a cause of interstitial pulmonary disease associated with AIDS. This study reports a case of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis in a patient with a history of previous pulmonary tuberculosis concomitant with HIV infection. Results of the immunohistochemical study of samples from the resected right lower lobe are described. Pathological findings suggest a role of Th1, Th2 and Th17 response in IRIS associated sarcoidosis.

A Case of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis with Elevated Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) / 결핵및호흡기질환

Sarcoidosis is a multi-systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. The characteristic pathological finding is the presence of non-caseating granulomas. The lungs are primarily affected, however other organs may be involved causing various symptoms and ambiguous laboratory findings can be present. There are a few reported cases of sarcoidosis with elevated tumor markers. We describe a 68-year-old woman presenting with sarcoidosis showing elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The possibility of cancer arising from serum CEA such as gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer was excluded. A transbronchial lung biopsy demonstrated a non-caseating granuloma without necrosis. As a result prescribed 30 mg prednisolone daily to the patient and serum CEA was decreased after 1 month of treatment. We report a case of pulmonary sarcoidosis with elevated serum CEA.

A Case of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis with Elevated Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) / 결핵및호흡기질환

Sarcoidosis is a multi-systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. The characteristic pathological finding is the presence of non-caseating granulomas. The lungs are primarily affected, however other organs may be involved causing various symptoms and ambiguous laboratory findings can be present. There are a few reported cases of sarcoidosis with elevated tumor markers. We describe a 68-year-old woman presenting with sarcoidosis showing elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The possibility of cancer arising from serum CEA such as gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer was excluded. A transbronchial lung biopsy demonstrated a non-caseating granuloma without necrosis. As a result prescribed 30 mg prednisolone daily to the patient and serum CEA was decreased after 1 month of treatment. We report a case of pulmonary sarcoidosis with elevated serum CEA.

Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Diagnosed by Endobronchial Ultrasound Fine Needle Aspiration / 결핵및호흡기질환

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary sarcoidosis often involves mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes in the lung parenchyma. Mediastinoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis, but it is invasive and expensive. Transbronchial needle aspiration using conventional bronchoscope is less invasive than mediastinoscopy, but its diagnostic accuracy is in question due to the blind approach to targeting lymph nodes. Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) via endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) has high diagnostic value due to direct visualization of lymph nodes and to its relatively safeness. The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of EBUS-TBNA in the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with symptoms of sarcoidosis were enrolled into this study. Core tissue was obtained for a definitive diagnosis. Endobronchial biopsy, transbronchial lung biopsy, and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed to verify diagnosis. For patients without a confirmed diagnosis after the above procedures were performed, the additional procedures of mediastinoscopy or video-associated thoracoscopic surgery were performed to confirm a final diagnosis. RESULTS: A total 25 EBUS procedures were done and 50 lymph nodes were aspirated. Thirty-three (37) out of 50 lymph nodes were consistent with non-caseating granuloma, confirming sarcoidosis as the final diagnosis. Sarcoidosis was the final diagnosis for all 25 patients, and 21 required EBUS-TBNA for a final diagnosis. There were no complications associated with the procedure. CONCLUSION: EBUS-TBNA is already a well-known procedure for diagnosing mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy. We used EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis and our results showed 84% diagnostic accuracy and no complications related to the procedure. EBUS-TBNA is a reliable and practical diagnostic modality in the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis.